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Backup & Restore
Backup & Restore
132 commands
restic init -r /backup/restic-repo
restic backup /home/user
restic backup /data --exclude "*.tmp" --tag nightly
restic backup -v /home/user
restic backup --dry-run /home/user
restic backup --stdin --stdin-filename notes.txt < notes.txt
restic snapshots --compact
restic snapshots --latest 3
restic snapshots --tag nightly
restic snapshots --group-by host
restic restore latest --target /tmp/restore
restic restore a1b2c3d4 --target /home/user
restic restore --target /tmp/restore --include "/home/user/docs" latest
restic check --read-data
restic check --read-data-subset 5%
restic forget --keep-daily 7 --keep-weekly 4 --keep-monthly 6
restic forget --keep-last 5 --prune
restic forget --prune
restic prune
restic prune --dry-run
restic unlock
restic find "*.pdf"
restic ls latest
restic stats
restic stats --mode restore-size a1b2c3d4
restic diff a1b2c3d4 e5f6a7b8
restic mount /mnt/restic
restic cat config
restic key list
restic key add
restic key passwd
restic tag --add important a1b2c3d4
restic copy --from-repo /old/backup a1b2c3d4
restic rebuild-index
restic cache --cleanup
restic self-update
RESTIC_PASSWORD_FILE=/etc/restic-pass restic snapshots
borg init --encryption=repokey-blake2 /backup/repo
borg create /backup/repo::'{hostname}-{now}' /home/user
borg create --stats --progress /backup/repo::'{hostname}-{now}' /home/user
borg create --exclude '*.tmp' /backup/repo::'{hostname}-{now}' /home/user
borg create --compression zstd,11 /backup/repo::'{hostname}-{now}' /home/user
borg list /backup/repo
borg list /backup/repo --last 3
borg list /backup/repo --prefix myhost-
borg list /backup/repo::myhost-2026-08-09T12:00:00
borg extract /backup/repo::myhost-2026-08-09T12:00:00
borg extract --dry-run /backup/repo::myhost-2026-08-09T12:00:00
borg extract /backup/repo::myhost-2026-08-09T12:00:00 home/user/file.txt
borg info /backup/repo
borg info /backup/repo::myhost-2026-08-09T12:00:00
borg check /backup/repo
borg check --verify-data /backup/repo
borg check --repair /backup/repo
borg prune --keep-daily 7 --keep-weekly 4 --keep-monthly 6 /backup/repo
borg compact /backup/repo
borg rename /backup/repo::myhost-2026-08-09 myhost-before-upgrade
borg delete /backup/repo::myhost-2026-08-09
borg diff /backup/repo::myhost-2026-08-09 myhost-2026-08-10
borg mount /backup/repo::myhost-2026-08-09 /mnt/borg
borg mount /backup/repo /mnt/borg
borg umount /mnt/borg
borg export-tar /backup/repo::myhost-2026-08-09 backup.tar
borg key export /backup/repo backup-repo.key
borg key export --paper /backup/repo
borg key import /backup/repo backup-repo.key
borg key change-passphrase /backup/repo
borg break-lock /backup/repo
BORG_PASSPHRASE="secret" borg list /backup/repo
borg config /backup/repo additional_free_space 2G
rsync -avn --delete /home/user/docs/ /mnt/backup/docs/
rsync -av --delete /home/user/docs/ /mnt/backup/docs/
rsync -av --delete --exclude "cache/" /home/user/docs/ /mnt/backup/docs/
rsync -av --delete --backup --backup-dir=/mnt/backup/deleted /home/user/docs/ /mnt/backup/docs/
rsync -avz -e ssh /home/user/data/ user@backup.example.com:/backup/data/
rsync -a --exclude "node_modules" /home/user/project/ /mnt/backup/project/
rsync -av --progress /home/user/data/ /mnt/backup/data/
rsync -ah --info=progress2 /home/user/data/ /mnt/backup/data/
rsync -av --bwlimit=5000 /home/user/data/ /mnt/backup/data/
rsync -av --link-dest=../prev-backup /home/user/data/ /mnt/backup/current/
rsync -e 'ssh -p 2222' /home/user/data/ user@backup.example.com:/backup/data/
rsync -avz user@backup.example.com:/backup/data/ /home/user/restore/
rsync -a --partial --append-verify /home/user/iso/ /mnt/backup/iso/
rsync -av --checksum /home/user/data/ /mnt/backup/data/
rclone config
rclone config show
rclone ls remote:bucket
rclone lsd remote:
rclone copy ./files remote:bucket/files
rclone copy --progress ./files remote:bucket/files
rclone sync ./files remote:bucket/files
rclone sync --dry-run ./files remote:bucket/files
rclone move ./files remote:bucket/files
rclone delete remote:bucket/old.tmp
rclone rmdir remote:bucket/empty-dir
rclone purge remote:bucket
rclone check ./files remote:bucket/files
rclone about remote:
rclone size remote:bucket
rclone mount remote:bucket /mnt/rclone --vfs-cache-mode full
rclone copyto file.txt remote:bucket/newname.txt
rclone tree remote:bucket
duplicity full /home/user file:///backup/duplicity
duplicity incremental /home/user file:///backup/duplicity
duplicity restore file:///backup/duplicity /tmp/restore
duplicity list-current-files file:///backup/duplicity
duplicity verify file:///backup/duplicity /home/user
duplicity remove-older-than 30D --force file:///backup/duplicity
duplicity cleanup --force file:///backup/duplicity
duplicity collection-status file:///backup/duplicity
duplicity --exclude "**/node_modules" full /home/user file:///backup/duplicity
dd if=/dev/sda of=/backup/disk.img bs=4M status=progress
dd if=/dev/sda bs=4M status=progress | gzip > disk.img.gz
dd if=/dev/sda bs=4M status=progress | ssh user@host "cat > /backup/sda.img"
dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=4M conv=fsync status=progress
dd if=/backup/disk.img of=/dev/sda bs=4M status=progress
ddrescue /dev/sda /backup/disk.img /backup/rescue.log
ddrescue -r3 /dev/sda /backup/disk.img /backup/rescue.log
ddrescue -d /dev/sda /backup/disk.img /backup/rescue.log
tar czf backup.tar.gz /home/user
tar xzf backup.tar.gz -C /restore-dir
tar tvf backup.tar.gz
tar czf backup.tar.gz --exclude "cache" --exclude "*.tmp" /home/user
tar --xattrs --acls -czf backup.tar.gz /home/user
tar czf - /home/user | ssh user@host "cat > backup.tar.gz"
tar --zstd -cf backup.tar.zst /home/user
btrfs subvolume snapshot -r /home /backup/home-snapshot
btrfs send /backup/home-snapshot | btrfs receive /mnt/backup
btrfs send -p /backup/prev-snapshot /backup/home-snapshot | btrfs receive /mnt/backup
zfs snapshot tank/data@2026-08-09
zfs list -t snapshot
zfs send tank/data@2026-08-09 | zfs receive backup/data
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